02897nas a2200361   4500008004100000245017700041210006900218260000800287300001200295490000800307520165100315653002001966653002301986653002602009653002702035653002102062653002402083653002602107653002102133653002202154653002202176653002602198653001502224653001702239653002802256653001902284653001102303653002002314653003102334653002002365100001802385856013202403       2005                        eng d00aA second look at mitochondrial DNA variability in European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus): assessing models of population structure and the Black Sea isolation hypothesis0 asecond look at mitochondrial DNA variability in European anchovy  cNOV  a293-3090 v1253 aGenetic architectures of marine fishes are generally shallow because of the large potential for gene flow in the sea. European anchovy, however, are unusual among small pelagic fishes in showing large differences among sub-basins and in harbouring two mtDNA phylogroups ('A'&'B'), representing 1.1-1.85 million years of separation. Here the mtDNA RFLP dataset of Magoulas et al. [1996, Mol. Biol. Evol. 13: 178-190] is re-examined to assess population models accounting for this subdivided population structure and to evaluate the zoogeographical origins of the two major phylogroups. Haplotype and nucleotide diversities are highest in the Ionian Sea and lowest in the Aegean and Black seas. However, this gradient is absent when 'A' and 'B' haplotypes are examined separately. Neither the self-sustaining nor the basin population models adequately describe anchovy population behaviour. Tests for neutrality, mismatch and nested clade analyses are concordant in depicting recent expansions of both phylogroups. Unimodel mismatch distributions and haplotype coalescences dating to the last (Eemian) interglacial ('B') and the Weichselian pleniglacial period ('A') indicate separate colonizations of the Mediterranean Basin. Phylogroup 'A' is unlikely to have arisen through continuous long-term isolation in the Black Sea because of climate extremes from displaced subpolar weather systems during the ice ages. Ancestors of both groups appear to have colonized the Mediterranean from the Atlantic in the late Pleistocene. Hence, zoogeographic models of anchovy in the Mediterranean must also include the eastern (and possibly southern) Atlantic.10abosporus strait10aCLADISTIC-ANALYSIS10aDNA mismatch analysis10aEngraulis encrasicolus10aEUROPEAN ANCHOVY10agenetic-differences10alast glacial-holocene10alate pleistocene10amediterranean-sea10aMitochondrial DNA10anested clade analysis10aneutrality10apalaeo-ocean10aphenotypic associations10aphylogeography10aPisces10asardinops-sagax10astatistical phylogeography10astock structure1 aGrant, W., S.  uhttps://icgf.myspecies.info/content/second-look-mitochondrial-dna-variability-european-anchovy-engraulis-encrasicolus-assessing