02138nas a2200169   4500008004100000245017200041210006900213260001200282300001100294490000700305520144400312100002301756700001801779700001901797700001901816856013301835       2003                        eng d00aObservations on the integrity of Balkan butterfly taxa in the subgenus <i>Parahipparchia </i>Kudrna, 1977 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) based on male genitalia0 aObservations on the integrity of Balkan butterfly taxa in the su  c2003///  a71-1030 v543 aThese analyses suggest that Parahipparchia specimens with male genitalia structure that associate them with the taxon H. muelleri may be more widely distributed than just in the type locality in the Aroania Mountains, southern Greece. This taxon also appears to be present in north-western Greece, Corfu and possibly further north in areas of the Balkan peninsula and up into eastern Europe. There is some evidence of a clinal gradation in male genitalic structure from 'semele'-like specimens in western Europe, through 'semele-muelleri'-like specimens in the Balkans and down through western Greece. At the other extreme of the cline are 'delattini-volgensis'-like specimens occurring in northern Greece, Macedonia, and also in the former U.S.S.R. The concept of this cline is not supported by evidence from female genitalia; and the morphological discontinuity in male genitalia suggested by Bk cluster analysis may be the result of previous isolation of Hipparchia populations in glacial refugia. However, recognition of a number of discrete taxa within the delattini-muelleri-semele-volgensis complex may be an artefact resulting from limited sampling within a spectrum of variation in male genitalic structure. These results should be treated with caution, pending further analysis of both male and female genitalia of additional specimens from a wider range of localities. A parallel survey of molecular data could also be valuable.1 aWakeham-Dawson, A.1 aCoutsis, J.G.1 aDennis, R.L.H.1 aHolloway, J.D.  uhttps://icgf.myspecies.info/content/observations-integrity-balkan-butterfly-taxa-subgenus-parahipparchia-kudrna-1977-lepidoptera02630nas a2200301   4500008004100000245017000041210006900211260001200280300001200292490000700304520160400311653001201915653001501927653001401942653002501956653002401981653002202005653002502027653001602052653002302068653001602091653001402107100002302121700001502144700001902159700001902178856013102197       2004                        eng d00aMultivariate analysis of male genital structures in the <i>Hipparchia semele-muelleri-delattini </i>complex (Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) from the Balkans: How many taxa?0 aMultivariate analysis of male genital structures in the iHipparc  c2004///  a103-1240 v273 aTwo closely related Hipparchia taxa, Hipparchia delattini Kudrna, 1975 and H. semele muelleri Kudrna, 1975 have been described from the Balkans based on differences in male genital structure, compared to each other and to another nominal European taxon (H. semele Linnaeus, 1758). Subsequently, Kudrna (1977) synonymised both H. delattini and H. muelleri with H. volgensis (Mazochin-Porshnjakov, 1952). Application of multivariate statistical techniques on male genital data indicates a cline in several aspects of genital morphology linking these three taxa across Europe. Although clusters are repeatedly found that correspond with the three taxa, it is not possible to ascribe every individual specimen to one of the three Hipparchia taxa. Hipparchia muelleri is shown to occupy an intermediate position between H. semele and H. delattini. Generally, H. delattini is present in an area covering part of northern Greece and the central Balkans. H. semele is present in western Europe, the Balkans and down the western side of Greece. However, individual specimens that classify to H. delattini in the current analyses may occur much further west, where historically only H. semele has been, and there appears to be a correlation between putative taxa and altitude with H. delattini occurring at higher altitudes. It is suggested that genetic differentiation between these taxa has been maintained and enhanced during glacial-interglacial cycles. The results of this study are discussed in relation to other morphological characters and biogeography and require further testing with molecular data.10aBalkans10abiometrics10aGenitalia10aHipparchia delattini10aHipparchia muelleri10aHipparchia semele10aHipparchia volgensis10aLepidoptera10aNumerical taxonomy10aNymphalidae10aSatyrinae1 aWakeham-Dawson, A.1 aJaksic, P.1 aHolloway, J.D.1 aDennis, R.L.H.  uhttps://icgf.myspecies.info/content/multivariate-analysis-male-genital-structures-hipparchia-semele-muelleri-delattini-complex