@article {2592, title = {Occurrence and pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana infesting larval Sitona discoideus (Col.: Curculionidae) in the Mediterranean region}, journal = {Entomophaga}, volume = {30}, number = {1}, year = {1985}, pages = {73-82}, abstract = {

Field survey showed that the fungus Beauveria bassiana Vuillemin was the predominant natural enemy of Sitona discoideus Gyllenhal larvae and pupae in the Mediterranean region. The present area of distribution of the disease does not, however, include the parts of North Africa, Cyprus, Syria and Iraq with a Mediterranean climate. At localities regularly investigated in southern France over the period 1973\–79, the population dynamics of larval Sitona on volunteer Medicato species appeared to be correlated to some extent with the impact of the fungal disese, which could produce up to 100\% mortality on its host larval populations.

Several isolates of the pathogen were tested in laboratory bioassays to determine their potential activity. One accession from southern France proved particularly virulent to S. discoideus larvae and pupae at the relatively low concentration of 105 conidia/g of soil. This accession seemed worth considering for further quarantine testing and introduction into Australia. Differences between isolates were however confounded by varying ages of the cultures involved.

}, keywords = {Beauveria bassiana, bio-control, biological control, fungus, larvae, natural enemies, occurrence, pathogenicity, pest, εμφάνιση, μύκητας, παθογένεια, παράσιτα, προνύμφες, φυσικοί εχθροί}, url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02372286}, author = {Aeschlimann, J. and Ferron, P. and Marchal, M. and Soares, G.} } @article {2593, title = {Aphids (Homoptera, Aphididae) and their natural enemies occurring on Sonchus spp. (Compositae) in the Mediterranean region.}, journal = {Acta Oecologica. Oecologia Applicata.}, volume = {6}, number = {1}, year = {1985}, pages = {69-76}, abstract = {

Surveys were carried out in the Mediterranean areas of France, Greece, Turkey and Iraq in 1981-84 to study the distribution of aphids infesting sowthistles (Sonchus spp.) and the incidence of their natural enemies. Hyperomyzus lactucae and Uroleucon sonchi were constant and abundant at all the sites studied. Nine primary parasites were reared from H. lactucae, and the total rate of parasitism was 1-19\%. Many of the natural enemies found during the study constituted new records for the country and/or region in which they were collected, and the aphidiid Monoctonus crepidis was a new parasite record for H. lactucae. The parasite complex of H. lactucae was dominated by Aphidius sonchi in southern France and Praon volucre in the other countries. These 2 aphidiids caused over 90\% of the total parasite-related mortality, and have only been recorded from this aphid on sowthistles at the sites surveyed. Strains of these 2 species have been forwarded for release in Australia in an attempt to control H. lactucae there, since it is of economic importance in that country.

}, keywords = {bio-control, biological control, natural enemies, pests, Sonchus, παράσιτα, φυσικοί εχθροί}, author = {Aeschlimann, J. and Vitou, J.} } @article {2590, title = {Reappraising the potential of biological control against the weed Carthamus lanatus.}, journal = {Entomophaga}, volume = {42}, number = {4}, year = {1997}, pages = {559-568}, abstract = {

Carthamus lanatus L. (Compositae, saffron thistle) is a major weed of worldwide distribution that originated in southern Europe. Surveys, rearings, tests of specificity, and in-depth field studies undertaken between 1990 and 1995 have considerably improved our understanding of the complex of natural enemies associated with C. lanatus in its native range. The root-feeding fly, Botanophila turcica Hennig (Dipt.: Anthomyiidae) is herewith recorded for the first time from C. lanatus; the rosette rust fungus, Puccinia sommieriana Saccardo (Basid.: Pucciniaceae) is reported for the first time from C. lanatus in Greece; the flowerhead fly, Urophora mauritanica Macquart (Dipt.: Tephritidae) is shown to concentrate its attacks on C. lanatus in the field in presence of the closely related Carthamus tinctorius L. (cultivated safflower). According to site and year the direct mortality caused by each of these three organisms to populations of C. lanatus fluctuated between 10 and 50\%. In addition, each of them had a whole range of indirect effects of some importance on C. lanatus populations, all of which were also cumulative. Strong phenological (in the case of B. turcica), and practical evidence (field records, plus results of host specificity tests) are presented, and discussed which document the fact that the three phytophagous species may be considered as specifically attacking C. lanatus, but without damaging field crops of its close relative, C. tinctorius. Contrary to traditional belief, biological control may therefore be considered a promising, safe approach for reducing C. lanatus populations.

}, keywords = {bio-control, biological control, Carthamus lanatus, Carthamus tinctorius, natural enemies, safflower, saffron thistle, weed, ζιζάνιο, φυσικοί εχθροί}, url = {https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BF02769815.pdf}, author = {Aeschlimann, J.} } @article {2584, title = {Notes on the variability of Microctonus aethiopoides Loan (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Euphorinae)}, journal = {Contribution of the American Entomological Institute}, volume = {20}, year = {1983}, pages = {329-335}, keywords = {bio-control, biological control, natural enemies, variability, μεταβλητότητα, φυσικοί εχθροί}, author = {Aeschlimann, J.} } @article {2591, title = {Specificity, and bionomics of south-western Palaeartic biotypes of Rhinocyllus conicus Fr{\"o}lich (Col., Curculionidae), a biological control agent of Palaearctic thistles (Asteraceae) accidentally introduced to Australia.}, journal = {Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft}, volume = {72}, year = {1999}, pages = {11-22}, keywords = {Asteraceae, bio-control, biological control, bionomics, introduced, invasive, Palaearctic thistles, specificity, βιονική, εισαγόμενοι, εξειδίκευση, επεμβατικοί, Παλαιοακτικοί γαϊδουράγκαθοι, φυσικοί εχθροί}, author = {Aeschlimann, J.} } @article {2586, title = {Distribution and effectiveness of Anaphes diana (=Patasson lameere) (Hym., Mymaridae), a parasitoid of Sitona spp. eggs (Col., Curculionidae) in the mediterranean region.}, journal = {Entomophaga}, volume = {31}, number = {2}, year = {1986}, pages = {163-172}, abstract = {

Surveys conducted from 1973 to 1984 showed that Anaphes diana Girault was the predominant parasitoid of Sitona spp. eggs throughout the Mediterranean range of Spain, France, Italy, Greece, Bulgaria, Romania, Turkey and Syria. In each of these countries, the mean percentage parasitism of eggs fluctuated between 1.9 and 23.9\%. The impact of the mymarid on its host increased considerably from autumn to spring. Two biotypes of A. diana, one reproducing bisexually, the other being strictly thelytokous, occur sympatrically in the Mediterranean region.

The origin of various consignments of Sitona eggs parasitized by A. diana shipped to Australia for field release of the mymarid is recorded. Egg parasitoids were found in the Damascus area (Syria) that may be adapted to and effective under the hot and dry climatic conditions of South Australia.

}, keywords = {bio-control, biological control, distribution, effectiveness, natural enemies, parasitoid, αποτελεσματικότητα, κατανομή, παρασιτοειδές, φυσικοί εχθροί}, author = {Aeschlimann, J.} } @article {2580, title = {Notes on Patasson lameerei (Hym., Mymaridae), an egg parasitoid of Sitona spp. (Col., Curculionidae) in the Mediterranean region.}, journal = {Entomophaga}, volume = {22}, number = {1}, year = {1977}, pages = {111-114.}, abstract = {

During surveys in the Mediterranean region to search for natural enemies of Sitona spp., which are important pests of lucerne and other species of Medicago, considerable numbers of mymarids were reared from eggs of Sitona recovered from soil samples taken in France, Italy, Greece and to a lesser extent in those from Spain; no mymarids were obtained from eggs of Sitona from Morocco, Algeria or Tunisia. The most abundant of the mymarids was Patasson lameerei (Debauche) and its biology and habits are discussed. In central Europe, adults of this parasite are recorded from May to September, but in the Montpellier region of southern France the larvae aestivate within the host eggs during the summer. This ability to adjust to local conditions suggests that it might adapt well to those of southern Australia, where it is being introduced. Other mymarids reared included Anaphes pratensis Forst., which was parasitising eggs of S. humeralis Steph. and Hypera sp. in lucerne crops in southern France, and P. heterotomus Mathot, which was reared from eggs of S. humeralis and Hypera sp. beneath lucerne and other Medicago spp. in southern France and northern Greece.

}, keywords = {bio-control, biological control, Mediterranean, natural enemies, parasitoid, Μεσόγειος, παρασιτοειδές, φυσικοί εχθροί}, author = {Aeschlimann, J.} } @article {2581, title = {The Sitona (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) species occuring on Medicago and their natural enemies in the Mediterranean region.}, journal = {Entomophaga}, volume = {25}, number = {2}, year = {1980}, pages = {139-154.}, abstract = {

Twenty Sitona species were found in the Mediterranean region during surveys on 17 volunteer and/or cultivated species of Medicago. The distribution of the weevils was analyzed using the 3 concepts of abundance, constancy and dominance. Eight Sitona species were consistently recorded on lucerne and medics; of these, 3 were \“constants\” and only 2, S. humeralis STEPHENS and S. lineatus LINNAEUS, also \“dominants\” in the sites investigated.

Sixteen species of natural enemies were identified (table 4), including 3 egg predators, 3 egg parasitoids, 1 entomogenous fungus, 2 nematodes and 5 parasitoids of adult weevils. The effect of each organism on the Sitona population numbers was slight, not exceeding in most cases an average mortality of 15\%. At high host densities however, the braconid Microctonus aethiopoides LOAN which is the preponderant parasitoid, caused estimated mortalities up to 80\% during a single weevil generation. Noticeable changes in the relative importance of the natural enemies were observed between the areas surveyed, with onlyM. aethiopoides and the mymarid egg parasitoid Patasson lameerei DEBAUCHE occurring widely. Moroccan, French and Greek strains of these 2 parasitoids were forwarded to Australia for the biological control of S. humeralis there.

}, keywords = {bio-control, biological control, Medicago, Mediterranean, natural enemies, pests, Μεσόγειος, παράσιτα, φυσικοί εχθροί}, url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02374316}, author = {Aeschlimann, J.} } @article {2582, title = {Occurrence and natural enemies of Therioaphis trifolii Monell and Acyrtosiphon pisum Harris (Homoptera, Aphididae) on lucerne in the Mediterranean region.}, journal = {Acta Oecologica. Oecologia Applicata.}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, year = {1981}, pages = {3-11.}, keywords = {bio-control, biological control, lucerne, natural enemies, occurrence, εμφάνιση, λουκέρνη, φυσικοί εχθροί}, author = {Aeschlimann, J.} } @article {2583, title = {Sources of importation, establishment and spread in Australia, of Microctonus aethiopoides Loan (Hymenoptera: Brachionidae), a parasitoid of Sitona discoideus Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)}, journal = {Journal of Australian Entomology Society}, volume = {22}, year = {1983}, pages = {325-331}, abstract = {

From 1975 to 1979, biotypes of the braconid wasp Microctonus aethiopoides were forwarded from the Mediterranean region to be reared and released in south-eastern Australia for control of the weevil Sitona discoideus. The origins of the various biotypes of the parasitoid are indicated. M. aethiopoides was recovered from most of the liberation sites. At sites where early releases were made, parasitisation rates of up to 62\% per parasitoid generation, and initial dispersal of about 10 km per annum were recorded. The conditions influencing establishment and spread of the parasitoid are discussed.

}, keywords = {Australia, bio-control, biological control, establishment, importation, natural enemies, parasitoid, sources, Αυστραλία, εγκατάσταση, εισαγωγή, παρασιτοειδές, πηγές, φυσικοί εχθροί}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1983.tb02111.x}, author = {Aeschlimann, J.} } @article {910, title = {The species of Ichneumonidae Hymenoptera occurring in fields of Medicago spp. in the Mediterranean region.}, journal = {Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft}, volume = {63}, number = {3-4}, year = {1990}, pages = {291-298}, abstract = {

Following investigations carried out in 15 countries of the Western Palaearctic region, the distribution of 180 species of ichneumonids obtained from plants of Medicago spp. growing in a Mediterranean type climate is recorded.

}, keywords = {bio-control, biological control, Medicago, medick, natural enemies, occurrence, parasitoid, εμφάνιση, παρασιτοειδές, φυσικοί εχθροί}, author = {Aeschlimann, J.} }