@article {3103,
	title = {Effectiveness of spinosad dust against different European populations of the confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val},
	journal = {Journal of Stored Products ResearchJournal of Stored Products ResearchJournal of Stored Products Research},
	volume = {44},
	number = {1},
	year = {2008},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 253JKTimes Cited: 6Cited Reference Count: 30},
	pages = {47-51},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Six populations of the confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum, obtained from Greece, Italy, Portugal, Denmark, Germany and France were tested for their susceptibility to a spinosad dust formulation, containing 0.125\% spinosad. For this purpose, adults and larvae of T confusum were exposed on wheat treated with two dose rates of the dust formulation, 0.06 and 0.19 ppm of a.i. corresponding to 50 and 150 ppm of the formulation, at 25 degrees C and 65\% Hi. Mortality of the exposed individuals was assessed after 7, 14 and 21 days of exposure on the treated substrate. The increase of dose and exposure interval increased mortality, while adults were more tolerant to spinosad than larvae. Significant differences were noted among populations, for both adults and larvae. The most tolerant to spinosad was the strain from Greece, while the least tolerant were the strains from Germany and Denmark. After 7 days of exposure, on wheat treated with 50 ppm, mortalities of adults of the Greek, German and Danish strains were 2\%, 25\% and 62\% respectively, while the respective figures for 150 ppm were 1 \%, 31 \% and 81 \% respectively. In the case of larvae, of the same strains, mortality at 50 ppm was 6\%, 27\% and 28\% and at 150 ppm 11 \%, 23\% and 40\%, respectively. The results of the present study suggest that different strains and stages of T confusum differ widely in their susceptibility to spinosad-treated wheat. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {chemical control, Coleoptera, DIATOMACEOUS-EARTH, mortality, PERSISTENCE, resistance, spinosad, stored wheat, STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS, SUSCEPTIBILITY, tenebrionidae, Tribolium confusum, UNITED-STATES, WHEAT},
	isbn = {0022-474X},
	author = {Athanassiou, C. G. and Nikolaos G. Kavallieratos and Chintzoglou, G. J.}
}
