01242nas a2200133 4500008004100000245008600041210007000127260001200197300001000209490000700219520075700226100001800983856010701001 2001 eng d00aThe scale Nemolecanium graniformis (Wünn) (Homoptera: Coccidae) in Greece0 ascale iNemolecanium graniformis iWünn Homoptera Coccidae in Gree c2001/// a57-590 v743 aThe phenology and natural enemies of Nemolecanium graniformis (Wu?nn) (Homoptera: Coccidae) in infesting Abies cephalonica, were studied in Greece during 1998-1999. This oviparous species develops one generation per year in Central Greece (Attica) and overwinters as 2nd instar nymph. Young adult females appear by the end of July, and the first instar nymphs by the middle of August. By the middle of October, the whole population of the scale is recorded as 2nd instar nymphs. The parasitoids Coccophagus lycimnia (Walker), Coccophagus Westwood sp., Aphycoides Mercet sp. and the predator Exochomus quadripustulatus L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), were observed as natural enemies of the scale. The average fecundity of N. graniformis was 188.4 eggs.1 aStathas, G.J. uhttps://icgf.myspecies.info/content/scale-nemolecanium-graniformis-w%C3%BCnn-homoptera-coccidae-greece00492nas a2200121 4500008004000000245009800040210006900138300001000207490000700217653001900224100001800243856010900261 0 engd00aThe scale insect Dynaspidiotus abietis (Schrank) on Abies cephalonica (Pinacea)0 ascale insect iDynaspidiotus abietis iSchrank on iAbies cephaloni a28-330 v1710aKAPE Hemiptera1 aStathas, G.J. uhttps://icgf.myspecies.info/content/scale-insect-dynaspidiotus-abietis-schrank-abies-cephalonica-pinacea02047nas a2200241 4500008004100000245012100041210006900162260001200231300001200243490000700255520123300262653002101495653001801516653001501534653001401549653001401563653001201577653002501589653002601614653002101640100001801661856012601679 2000 eng d00aThe effect of temperature on the development of the predator Rhyzobius lophanthae and its phenology in Greece0 aeffect of temperature on the development of the predator iRhyzob c2000/// a439-4510 v453 aThe effect of temperature on the development of Rhyzobius lophanthae Blaisdell (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) fed on Aspidiotus nerii Bouche? (Homoptera: Diaspididae) under controlled laboratory conditions was studied. The duration of each developmental stage and adult longevity were measured at 15, 20, 25, and 30 °C. The life cycle of R. lophanthae (from egg to oviposition) lasted 78.7, 43.6, 32.1, and 23.9 days, whereas the average adult longevity was 257.6, 171.4, 121.3, and 88.5 days at each temperature, respectively. Low temperature thresholds of R. lophanthae immature life stages ranged from 7.6 to 9.3 °C, while the thermal constant for the development of R. lophanthae from egg to adult was 443.5 degree-days. The average fecundity at 25 °C was 633.7 eggs per female. Rhyzobius lophanthae reared in cages outdoors during 1993-1995 at Kifissia, Athens developed 5 complete overlapping generations per year from May to October and a 6th partial overlapping generation during February and March. Adults of the 4th and 5th generation survived winter conditions giving rise to the following year's 1st generation. Females were reproductively active throughout the year, indicating that R. lophanthae does not diapause.10aAspidiotus nerii10aCoccinellidae10aColeoptera10afecundity10aphenology10arearing10aRhyzobius lophanthae10aTemperature threshold10aThermal constant1 aStathas, G.J. uhttps://icgf.myspecies.info/content/effect-temperature-development-predator-rhyzobius-lophanthae-and-its-phenology-greece02287nas a2200241 4500008004100000245016000041210006900201260001200270300001200282490000700294520139700301653002501698653002801723653003101751653001401782653001401796653001401810653002501824100001801849700003201867700002101899856012501920 2003 eng d00aBiological and ecological aspects of Chinese wax scale, Ceroplastes sinensis Del Guercio (Hemiptera: Coccidae): A two-year study from Central Greece0 aBiological and ecological aspects of Chinese wax scale iCeroplas c2003/// a271-2750 v423 aBiological and ecological aspects of the scale Ceroplastes sinensis are investigated on citrus in central Greece through regular samplings during 1999-2001 on Citrus sinensis (Sapindales: Rutaceae) in Attiki County. The scale was univoltine. Overwintering stages were the third-instar nymph and the adult female. From the end of May until the end of June the population comprised preovipositing females. Oviposition occurred from mid-June until mid-July and hatching took place during July. First- and second-instar nymphs were recorded from the end of July until the end of August, and from mid-August until the end of September, respectively. Third-instar nymphs appeared at the end of August and were present until the beginning of September. Some of the population of third-instar nymphs reached the adult stage during October and November, whilst the remainder completed development in the following April. Small numbers of male nymphs were recorded during October and November. The mean fecundity of adult females was 3260 ± 770 eggs per female. The most abundant natural enemy of C. sinensis was Scutellista caerulea (Fonscolombe) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), whose eggs, larvae and pupae were found in up to 42% of the total live population of the scale. Two predators, Chilocorus bipustulatus (L.) and Exochomus quadripustulatus (L.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), were also observed.10aCeroplastes sinensis10aChilocorus bipustulatus10aExochomus quadripustulatus10afecundity10aHomoptera10aphenology10aScutellista caerulea1 aStathas, G.J.1 aKavallieratos, Nikolaos, G.1 aEliopoulos, P.A. uhttps://icgf.myspecies.info/content/biological-and-ecological-aspects-chinese-wax-scale-ceroplastes-sinensis-del-guercio00446nas a2200133 4500008004000000245006400040210005800104300001000162490000700172653001900179100001800198700001500216856008100231 0 engd00aChrysomphalus aonidum as a pest of citrus in Greece.0 aiChrysomphalus aonidum ias a pest of citrus in Greece a16-210 v1610aKAPE Hemiptera1 aStathas, G.J.1 aKozár, F. uhttps://icgf.myspecies.info/content/chrysomphalus-aonidum-pest-citrus-greece00628nas a2200145 4500008004000000245014500040210006900185300001000254490000700264653002000271100002300291700001800314700001900332856013100351 0 engd00aThe status of Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinelidae) in Greece: A case of an exotic predator that failed to establish?0 astatus of iHarmonia axyridis iPallas Coleoptera Coccinelidae in  a42-510 v1710aKAPE Coleoptera1 aKontodimas, D., C.1 aStathas, G.J.1 aMartinou, A.F. uhttps://icgf.myspecies.info/content/status-harmonia-axyridis-pallas-coleoptera-coccinelidae-greece-case-exotic-predator-failed02270nas a2200241 4500008004100000245015600041210006900197260001200266300001200278490000700290520140000297653001501697653001901712653001901731653002301750653002101773653001401794100003201808700002201840700001801862700001801880856013001898 2002 eng d00aAphid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) on citrus: Seasonal abundance, association with the species of host plant, and sampling indices0 aAphid parasitoids Hymenoptera Braconidae Aphidiinae on citrus Se c2002/// a365-3770 v303 aSamples were collected from southern Greece during 1996-2000 in order to investigate the presence of parasitoids on Aphis gossypii Glover infesting several citrus species. The species of aphidiines found to have a significantly different preference for A. gossypii were Aphidius colemani Viereck, Aphidius matricariae Haliday, Diaeretiella rapae (M'Intosh), Ephedrus persicae Froggat, Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson), Binodoxys acalephae (Marshall) and Binodoxys angelicae (Haliday). In another sampling experiment, the relative abundance of aphidiine parasitoids on aphids infesting orange and tangerine trees was studied in southern Greece (Nea Kios) in 1996 and 1997. A. gossypii constituted the largest part of the aphid population and was the only species parasitized. B. angelicae and A. colemani were the most abundant parasitoid species. The parasitization rate differed among the parasitoid species. B. angelicae had the highest colonization rate in centrally located and large host (A. gossypii) groups, whereas A. colemani was found in more isolated and relatively small host groups. The percentage of parasitism by B. angelicae was high mainly in large host groups, when B. angelicae was the only parasitoid present. However, in cases of coexistence of B. angelicae with A. colemani with hyperparasitoids, in the same sampling unit, the percentage of parasitism was relatively low.10aAphidiinae10aAphis gossypii10aCitrus species10adensity dependence10aHyperparasitoids10aisolation1 aKavallieratos, Nikolaos, G.1 aAthanassiou, C.G.1 aStathas, G.J.1 aTomanovic, Z. uhttps://icgf.myspecies.info/content/aphid-parasitoids-hymenoptera-braconidae-aphidiinae-citrus-seasonal-abundance-association00923nas a2200229 4500008004100000245007100041210006300112260001200175300001200187490000700199520019100206653001500397653000900412653004400421100003200465700002200497700001700519700001800536700002100554700002200575856009600597 2001 eng d00aThe Aphidiinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea: Braconidae) of Greece0 aAphidiinae Hymenoptera Ichneumonoidea Braconidae of Greece c2001/// a306-3400 v293 aKeys for the identification of genera and species of the subfamily Aphidiinae which occur in Greece as well as the observed parasitoid - aphid relations on various host plants presented.10aAphidiinae10aKeys10aParasitoid - aphid - plant associations1 aKavallieratos, Nikolaos, G.1 aLykouressis, D.P.1 aSarlis, G.P.1 aStathas, G.J.1 aSegovia, Sanchis1 aAthanassiou, C.G. uhttps://icgf.myspecies.info/content/aphidiinae-hymenoptera-ichneumonoidea-braconidae-greece02521nas a2200265 4500008004100000245017500041210006900216260001200285300001200297490000700309520157300316653001501889653001101904653001801915653001101933653002301944653001601967653002501983653002102008100003202029700001802061700002202079700002202101856013202123 2002 eng d00aDittrichia viscosa and Rubus ulmifolius as reservoirs of aphid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) and the role of certain coccinellid species0 aiDittrichia viscosa iand iRubus ulmifolius ias reservoirs of aph c2002/// a231-2420 v303 aThe role of the self-sown shrubs Dittrichia viscosa (L.) W. Greuter and Rubus ulmifolius Schott as reservoirs of aphid parasitoids was investigated. In the field studies conducted, D. viscosa grew adjacent to crops of durum wheat and barley and R. ulmifolius grew adjacent to cotton. The relative abundance of the parasitoids of (a) Capitophorus inulae (Passerini) on D. viscosa, (b) Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus) on durum wheat and barley, (c) Aphis ruborum (Bo?rner) on R. ulmifolius, and (d) Aphis gossypii Glover on cotton in various parts of Greece, was assessed during the years 1996-2000. In 2000, the fluctuation of parasitization of the above four aphid species was recorded and the action of the aphidophagous predators of the family Coccinellidae was studied. It was observed that Aphidius matricariae Haliday predominated on C. inulae and R. padi in all sampling cases. In contrast, Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall) was the dominant species parasitizing A. ruborum on R. ulmifolius and A. gossypii on cotton in Thessaly (central Greece) and Macedonia (northern Greece), whereas Lysiphlebus confusus Tremblay et Eady and Binodoxys acalephae (Marshall) were the dominant parasitoid species in Thrace (northern Greece). Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus was the most abundant coccinellid species on durum wheat, whereas Adonia variegata (Goeze) predominated on cotton. However, coccinellid individuals were scarce on both D. viscosa and R. ulmifolius. The present study indicated that these two shrubs can be regarded as useful reservoirs of aphid parasitoids.10aAphidiinae10aBarley10aCoccinellidae10aCOTTON10aDittrichia viscosa10aDurum wheat10aParasitoid reservoir10aRubus ulmifolius1 aKavallieratos, Nikolaos, G.1 aStathas, G.J.1 aAthanassiou, C.G.1 aPapadoulis, G.Th. uhttps://icgf.myspecies.info/content/dittrichia-viscosa-and-rubus-ulmifolius-reservoirs-aphid-parasitoids-hymenoptera-braconidae02063nas a2200229 4500008004100000245015500041210006900196260001200265300001200277490000700289520125200296653001501548653001101563653001101574653001801585653001601603653001401619100003201633700001801665700002001683856013001703 2004 eng d00aSeasonal abundance of parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Aphidiinae) and predators (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) of aphids infesting citrus in Greece0 aSeasonal abundance of parasitoids Hymenoptera Braconidae Aphidii c2004/// a191-1960 v593 aField experiments were carried out in a citrus orchard in Greece for two years in order to examine the role of aphidophagous insects in the population reduction of aphids infesting citrus. The aphid species found were: Toxoptera aurantii, Aphis (Aphis) gossypii and Myzus (Nectarosiphon) persicae (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea). Among these species T. aurantii was by far the most abundant. The aphidiine parasitoids recorded from T. aurantii were in decreasing order: Aphidius colemani, A. matricariae, Diaeretiella rapae, Praon volucre and Ephedrus persicae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Aphidiinae). In the case of A. gossypii, the aphidiine parasitoids emerged were in decreasing order: Binodoxys angelicae, A. colemani and D. rapae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Aphidiinae). In contrast, M. persicae was not found to be parasitized. The parasitization of T. aurantii was significantly higher than that of A. gossypii. Coccinellid species found were: Scymnus (Pullus) subvillosus, S. apetzi, S. rubromaculatus, Coccinella septempunctata, Adalia bipunctata, A. decempunctata, Hippodamia (Semiadalia) undecimnotata, and Propylaea quatuordecimpunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). The species of the genera Scymnus, Coccinella and Adalia were the most abundant.10aAphidiinae10aaphids10aCitrus10aCoccinellidae10aParasitoids10aPredators1 aKavallieratos, Nikolaos, G.1 aStathas, G.J.1 aTomanovic?, Z?. uhttps://icgf.myspecies.info/content/seasonal-abundance-parasitoids-hymenoptera-braconidae-aphidiinae-and-predators-coleoptera02179nas a2200205 4500008004100000245008100041210006900122260001200191300001200203490000700215520153600222653001501758653001101773653001601784653001401800100002001814700002101834700001801855856010001873 1997 eng d00aPhenology of Hippodamia undecimnotata (Col.: Coccinellidae) in Greece0 aPhenology of iHippodamia undecimnotata iCol Coccinellidae in Gre c1997/// a283-2930 v423 aHippodamia (Semiadalia) undecimnotata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), collected from central Greece and reared in cages during 1993-1994 and in vials during 1994-1995 outdoors at Kifissia, Athens, completed 5 generations per year. In both cases, adults of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd generations reproduced, completing their egg laying in the same year; 4th and 5th generation adults reproduced both in the year they emerged and the following year. In both cases, adults of the 1st and 2nd generations died before winter; in 1993, adults of the 3rd generation died before winter, in 1994, they survived until April 1995. Adults of the 4th and 5th generations overwintered successfully. The greatest numbers of eggs were laid by females of the 1st and 2nd generations. Field observations and timed counts of specimens (30 minutes per location) made on the tops of Mounts Chlomo and Kitheron and on the neighboring plain of Kopais between 1991 and 1994 revealed that most adults arrived on the mountains between late June and early September and left between the end of March and beginning of May. H. undecimnotata were not found on the plain of Kopais during the winter. Overwintered adults arrived between the end of March and beginning of May; 1st generation adults emerged in June. The presence of a few eggs, larvae, pupae and newly-emerged adults observed on the plain during August-September 1993 suggests that at least a portion of the H. undecimnotata population in central Greece completes 2 or more overlapping generations per year.10aColeoptera10aGreece10aLady beetle10aphenology1 aKatsoyannos, P.1 aKontodimas, D.C.1 aStathas, G.J. uhttps://icgf.myspecies.info/content/phenology-hippodamia-undecimnotata-col-coccinellidae-greece02498nas a2200217 4500008004100000245011700041210006900158260001200227300001200239490000700251520172200258653002401980653003002004653001502034653002002049653002202069100002002091700002102111700001802132856013002150 1997 eng d00aSummer diapause and winter quiescence of Coccinella septempunctata (Col. Coccinellidae) in central Greece0 aSummer diapause and winter quiescence of iCoccinella septempunct c1997/// a483-4910 v423 aCoccinella septempunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in Greece is a multivoltine species. In the lowlands, all instars are abundant in spring becoming scarce from July until the end of the warm period of the year; they are absent in winter. In June, most C. septempunctata adults migrate to mountainous aestivo-hibernation sites. Measurements of the duration of pre-oviposition period in females taken monthly from the summit of Mount Kitheron in central Greece (1993-1994) and transferred to laboratory conditions of high temperature (25°C), long day (16 hrs light/24 hrs), and presence of aphids, indicated that the C. septempunctata females were in diapause during July and August. The diapause gradually terminated from late August to late October and was followed by a period of quiescence extending from November to March of the following year. During the summer diapause, arrest of ovarian development was indicated by immaturity of the ovaries in all sampled females and the complete absence of vitellogenic resorption signs. Also, adults were found with enlarged fat bodies, and the median duration of preoviposition period in females transferred to the above laboratory conditions was 90 days in early July and 82 days in early August. During the period of winter quiescence, arrest of ovarian development was characterized in most samples by immaturity of the ovaries in all females and, in some samples, by the presence of a few females with signs of vitellogenic resorption. In winter, adults were found containing fat body reserves of different levels, and the median preoviposition period of females transferred to optimal breeding conditions was 29 days in early November and 16 days in mid January.10aAestivo-hibernation10aCoccinella septempunctata10aColeoptera10aSummer diapause10aWinter quiescence1 aKatsoyannos, P.1 aKontodimas, D.C.1 aStathas, G.J. uhttps://icgf.myspecies.info/content/summer-diapause-and-winter-quiescence-coccinella-septempunctata-col-coccinellidae-central02559nas a2200253 4500008004100000245009700041210006900138260001200207300001200219490000700231520174600238653001101984653002301995653001102018653001502029653002702044653001102071653002902082100002002111700002102131700001802152700002102170856011402191 1997 eng d00aEstablishment of Harmonia axyridis on citrus and some data on its phenology in Greece0 aEstablishment of iHarmonia axyridis ion citrus and some data on  c1997/// a183-1910 v253 aIn September 1993, a colony of Harmonia axyridis Pallas (Coleoptera:Coccinellidae) was imported from France into Greece. In 1994, insectary-reared adults were released in 11 citrus orchards in four citrus-growing areas of Greece. Between May 19 and June 8, 1994, H. axyridis was recovered from a total of seven localities in three of these areas. This species was established on orange, mandarin and sour orange trees heavily infested with Toxoptera aurantii, Aphis spiraecola and A. gossypii; its absence from the remaining four localities may have been the result of low prey densities. Twenty-three days after the initial releases, H. axyridis larvae comprised 57.9% and 83.3%, respectively, of the aphidophagous coccinellid larval populations in two localities (on Chios Island). In samples taken at Leonidion 43 days after the introduction release, both adult and larval populations of H. axyridis represented approximately one-third of aphidophagous coccinellid adults and larvae found, whereas the indigenous Adalia bipunctata comprised about one-half of the population. In cages placed outside the Athens laboratory, H. axyridis completed four overlapping generations annually; average longevities of 56.2, 66.8, 78.9 and 102.2 days, respectively, were recorded for the successive generations. Adults of the 3rd and 4th generations overwintered, giving rise to the following year's 1st generation. Oviposition began in April and emergence of 1st generation adults occurred in mid-May. The egg-laying activity of the females throughout the warm period of the year indicates that H. axyridis does not dispause in summer. From December until March, small aggregations (2-4 individuals) were observed within the cages at protected sites.10aaphids10abiological control10aCitrus10aColeoptera10aColonization phenology10aGreece10aHarmonia axyridis Pallas1 aKatsoyannos, P.1 aKontodimas, D.C.1 aStathas, G.J.1 aTsartsalis, C.T. uhttps://icgf.myspecies.info/content/establishment-harmonia-axyridis-citrus-and-some-data-its-phenology-greece01500nas a2200217 4500008004100000245007400041210006900115260001200184300001200196490000700208520084600215653001101061653001101072653001401083653002501097653001401122653001401136100002001150700001801170856009401188 1997 eng d00aPhenology of Melanaspis inopinata on pistachio trees in Greece0 aPhenology of iMelanaspis inopinata ion pistachio trees in Greece c1997/// a331-3320 v253 aMelanaspis inopinata Leonardi (Homoptera: Diaspididae) is a pest of the woody portion of the pistachio tree. Observations on the phenology of this scale species, which is viviparous, were carried out at Avlon, Attica, in central Greece, during the years 1990-92. M. inopinata developed one annual generation on pistachio in that region. Females overwintered as not-yet-reproducing adults. Reproductive activity began in late April or the first half of May. The first adults of males appeared in late June or early July. Melanization of the body of immature females was first noticed in early September; all females were melanized by early November. Ovulation was first noticed in mid or late March. An average of 79 ± 16 eggs/female was found in dissections of females at a late stage of ovulation prior to the onset of viviparous activity.10aAttica10aGreece10aHomoptera10aMelanaspis inopinata10aphenology10aPistachio1 aKatsoyannos, P.1 aStathas, G.J. uhttps://icgf.myspecies.info/content/phenology-melanaspis-inopinata-pistachio-trees-greece02171nas a2200205 4500008004100000245009000041210006900131260001200200300001200212490000700224520151000231653001501741653001101756653001601767653001401783100002001797700001801817700002101835856010901856 1997 eng d00aPhenology of Coccinella septempunctata (Col.: Coccinellidae) in central Greece0 aPhenology of iCoccinella septempunctata iCol Coccinellidae in ce c1997/// a435-4440 v423 aCoccinella septempunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), field collected from central Greece and reared in cages during 1990-1991 and in vials during 1994-1995 outdoors at Kifissia, Athens, developed 4 complete and a 5th partial generations per year. In both cases, only adults of the 1st generation reproduced within the year they emerged; 2nd, 3rd and 4th generation adults reproduced partly in the year they emerged and partly in the following year; 5th generation adults did not reproduce at all in 1990, and eggs/larvae produced by 4th generation females in 1994 died before developing into adults. Adults of the 1 st and 5th generations died before winter; those of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th generations overwintered successfully. The greatest numbers of eggs were laid by females of the 1st and 2nd generations. Visual counts made in the open field at Kopais plain in central Greece (1990-1992) and on the summit of the adjacent Mount Kitheron (1990-1994) indicate that all C. septempunctata instars were abundant in the plain between April and June, becoming scarce from July until the end of the warm period of the year following spring. No C. septempunctata individuals were found in the plain in winter. On the summit of the mountain, C. septempunctata adults were present all year round, singly and in aggregations, except for the month of May. The most numerous arrivals of adults were noticed on the mountain in June. Emigrations of adults from there were noticed from March until the end of April.10aColeoptera10aGreece10aLady beetle10aphenology1 aKatsoyannos, P.1 aStathas, G.J.1 aKontodimas, D.C. uhttps://icgf.myspecies.info/content/phenology-coccinella-septempunctata-col-coccinellidae-central-greece