@article {5862,
	title = {Comparative assessment of the field-susceptibility of <i>Sesamia nonagrioides </i>to the Cry1Ab toxin in areas with different adoption rates of Bt maize and in Bt-free areas},
	journal = {Crop ProtectionCrop ProtectionCrop Protection},
	volume = {30},
	number = {7},
	year = {2011},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 775YOTimes Cited: 1Cited Reference Count: 36},
	month = {Jul},
	pages = {902-906},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {A three year (2003-2005) field study compared the susceptibility to the Cry1Ab toxin, expressed in Bt maize, of Mediterranean corn borer (MCB) Sesamia nonagrioides populations collected from areas with different adoption rates of Bt maize in Spain with Bt-free areas in Greece. Spain is the only European country where the cultivar Compa CB derived from the event Bt176 was commercially grown, from 1998 to 2005. The large decrease of the titer of the toxin in this cultivar at later growth stages represented the worst-case scenario for resistance development of MCB, since larvae of the second and third generations were exposed to sublethal concentrations of Cry1Ab toxin. Our data revealed that the variation in susceptibility to Cry1Ab for the MCB Spanish field populations analyzed in the three years was very low, with LC(50) values fluctuating between 12 and 30 ngCry1Ab/cm(2), regardless of the region of origin, the type of maize (Bt or non-Bt) and the year. Furthermore, no significant differences were found when comparisons were made with a laboratory population (LC(50) values: 18-26 ng Cry1Ab/cm(2)) or with field populations from Greece (Bt-free areas), which displayed LC(50) values ranging between 22 and 27 ng Cry1Ab/cm(2). Standardizing bioassay protocols proved to be essential for obtaining comparable results. These findings suggest that resistant MCB populations did not evolve in those Spanish maize areas where Compa CB was largely cultivated for eight years, contradicting the expected rapid development of resistance under these unfavourable conditions. Additionally, our results can be used as baseline indices in post-market resistance monitoring programs if Bt maize is introduced in Greece. Further studies should continue, since the insights gained from a resistance monitoring program may help to enhance the durability of Bt maize. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Bacillus thuringiensis, BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS TOXIN, BASE-LINE, Bioassay, CRAMBIDAE, crops, EUROPEAN CORN-BORER, inheritance, INSECT RESISTANCE, NOCTUIDAE, nonagrioides, OSTRINIA-NUBILALIS LEPIDOPTERA, populations, Resistance Baseline susceptibility, Sesamia, SUSCEPTIBILITY, transgenic maize},
	isbn = {0261-2194},
	author = {Farinos, G. R. and Andreadis, S. S. and De La Poza, M. and Mironidis, G. K. and Ortego, F. and Savopoulou-Soultani, M. and Cast{\'a}nera, P.}
}
@article {5121,
	title = {Genetic structure of <i>Sesamia nonagrioides </i>(Lefebvre) populations in the Mediterranean area},
	journal = {Environmental EntomologyEnvironmental EntomologyEnvironmental Entomology},
	volume = {37},
	number = {5},
	year = {2008},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 360ZKTimes Cited: 4Cited Reference Count: 35},
	month = {Oct},
	pages = {1354-1360},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The Mediterranean corn borer, Sesamia nonagriodes (Lefebvre) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a major pest of maize in the Mediterranean area. Transgenic expressing the Cry1Ab toxin from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis can effectively control this pest. The characterization of S. nonagrioides population structure, at a large geographical scale, would provide some insignt in decision making for resistance management. The genetic relationships among nine populations from Spain, one from France, one from Italy, three from Greece, and one from Turkey were assessed using Random Amplyfied Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Populations from France and Spain fromed a cluster independent from a cluster of populations collected in Italy, Turkey, and Greece in a weighted pair-group method with arithmetic average dendrogram constructed from Nei{\textquoteright}s genetic distances. Average genetic differentiation among samples was significant for all geographical groupings analyzed (F(ST)) = 0.160 +/- 0.014 for Spanish populations; 0.133 +/- 0.022 for Spanish and French populations; and 0.095 +/- 0.010 for Greek, Italian, and Turkish populations). Genetic differentiation was also significant for all paired comaparisons of populations, including two Spanish populations seperately by only 15 km with no apparent geographical barriers. No pattern of isolation by distance was observed among Mediterranean corn borer populations collected in Spain and France. These results suggest a limited genetic exchange between relatively distant S. nonagrioides populations in Europe, which might contribute to decreased rate of spread of resistance alleles once resistance has developed at a certain site.},
	keywords = {Bacillus thuringiensis, BORER POPULATIONS, BT, DISTANCE, F-STATISTICS, flow, gene, Lepidoptera, MAIZE, Mediterranean corn borer, NOCTUIDAE, OSTRINIA-NUBILALIS, pest, plants, RAPD, RAPD-ANALYSIS, transgenic maize},
	isbn = {0046-225X},
	author = {De La Poza, M. and Farinos, G. P. and Beroiz, B. and Ortego, F. and Hernandez-Crespo, P. and Cast{\'a}nera, P.}
}
