@article {15776,
	title = {Authenticating production origin of gilthead sea bream (<i>Sparus aurata</i>) by chemical and isotopic fingerprinting},
	journal = {LipidsLipidsLipids},
	volume = {42},
	number = {6},
	year = {2007},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 188PGTimes Cited: 9Cited Reference Count: 33},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {537-545},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Recent EU legislation (EC/2065/2001) requires that fish products, of wild and farmed origin, must provide consumer information that describes geographical origin and production method. The aim of the present study was to establish methods that could reliably differentiate between wild and farmed European gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). The methods that were chosen were based on chemical and stable isotopic analysis of the readily accessible lipid fraction. This study examined fatty acid profiles by capillary gas chromatography and the isotopic composition of fish oil (delta C-13, delta O-18), phospholipid choline nitrogen (delta N-15) and compound specific analysis of fatty acids (delta C-13) by isotope ratio mass spectroscopy as parameters that could reliably discriminate samples of wild and farmed sea bream. The sample set comprised of 15 farmed and 15 wild gilthead sea bream ( Sparus aurata), obtained from Greece and Spain, respectively. Discrimination was achieved using fatty acid compositions, with linoleic acid (18:2n-6), arachidonic acid (20:4n-6), stearic acid (18:0), vaccenic acid (18:1n-7) and docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3) providing the highest contributions for discrimination. Principle components analysis of the data set highlighted good discrimination between wild and farmed fish. Factor 1 and 2 accounted for > 70\% of the variation in the data. The variables contributing to this discrimination were: the fatty acids 14:0, 16:0, 18:0, 18:1n-9, 18:1n-7, 22:1n-11, 18:2n-6 and 22:5n-3; delta C-13 of the fatty acids 16:0, 18:0, 16:1n-7, 18:1n-9, 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3; Bulk oil fraction delta C-13; glycerol/choline fraction bulk delta C-13; delta N-15; \% N; \% lipid.},
	keywords = {analysis, BASS DICENTRARCHUS-LABRAX, ENRICHED NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENT, FARMED ATLANTIC SALMON, fatty acid compositions, FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION, FISH-OIL, flesh oil delta, flesh oil delta C-13, glycerol choline fraction delta N-15, isotope, LIPID-COMPOSITION, MASS-SPECTROMETRIC, O-18, PANCREATIC-CANCER, principal components, product authentication, ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), SALMON SALMO-SALAR, sea bream, VEGETABLE-OIL},
	isbn = {0024-4201},
	author = {Morrison, D. J. and Preston, T. and Bron, J. E. and Hemderson, R. J. and Cooper, K. and Strachan, F. and Bell, J. G.}
}
@article {3453,
	title = {Discrimination of wild and cultured european sea bass (<i>Dicentrarchus labrax</i>) using chemical and isotopic analyses},
	journal = {Journal of Agricultural and Food ChemistryJournal of Agricultural and Food ChemistryJournal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry},
	volume = {55},
	number = {15},
	year = {2007},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 190UETimes Cited: 12Cited Reference Count: 41},
	month = {Jul},
	pages = {5934-5941},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Recent legislation in the European Union (EC/2065/2001) requires that seafood must provide the consumer with information that describes geographical origin and production method. The present studies aimed to establish methods, based on chemical and stable isotopic analysis, that could reliably differentiate between wild and farmed European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). The study measured fatty acid and isotopic compositions (delta C-13 and delta O-18) of total flesh oil, delta N-15 of the glycerol/choline fraction, and compound-specific analysis of fatty acids (delta C-13) by isotope ratio mass spectrometry. The sample set comprised 10 wild and 10 farmed sea bass from England (wild) and Scotland or Greece (farmed). Discrimination was achieved using fatty acid composition with 18:0, 18:2n-6, 20:4n-6, and 22:6n-3 providing the highest contributions for discrimination. Principal component analysis of the data set provided good discrimination between farmed and wild sea bass where factor 1 and factor 2 accounted for 60\% of the variation in the data.},
	keywords = {BREAM SPARUS-AURATA, FARMED ATLANTIC SALMON, fatty acid compositions, FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION, FISH-OIL, flesh oil delta C-13, flesh oil delta O-18, glycerol choline fraction delta N-15, health, isotope ratio, LIPID-COMPOSITION, mass spectrometry (IRMS), MASS-SPECTROMETRIC ANALYSIS, principal component analysis, product authentication, quality, SALMON SALMO-SALAR, sea bass, VEGETABLE-OILS},
	isbn = {0021-8561},
	author = {Bell, J. G. and Preston, T. and Henderson, R. J. and Strachan, F. and Bron, J. E. and Cooper, K. and Morrison, D. J.}
}
